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The Volcanic Radiative Power (VRP) measures the heat radiated by volcanic activity.
To quantify the VRP, the Remote Sensing Data Fusion (RSDF) algorithm (Di Bella et al., 2024) is used. The RSDF algorithm is a data-fusion-based approach designed to detect volcanic hotspots and estimate the emitted VRP for each acquired image. Information is extracted from multispectral satellite data through combined spectral and spatial analyses, exploiting the potential of a bank of Gabor filters. The RSDF algorithm is highly versatile and can integrate information from both geostationary sensors, such as SEVIRI and FCI, and polar-orbiting sensors, such as MODIS, VIIRS, and SLSTR (Torrisi et al., 2025).

The Time-Averaged Discharge Rate (TADR) represents the volume of lava emplaced during a given time interval divided by its duration. The erupted lava volume Volumei was retrieved by calculating the integral of the TADR of two sequential satellite acquisitions (at time i and i - 1) and the entire erupted lava volume is derived by cumulatively summing up Volumei